集装箱船LoRa无线网络控制策略的设计及优化
Design and optimization of LoRa wireless network control strategy for container ship
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摘要: 为落实国家的数字交通十四五发展规划，船舶行业的数字化转型迫在眉睫。由于集装箱船钢制结构的特性，常规物联网（The Internet of Thing, IoT）无线通信技术难以保证通信网络的稳定性和可靠性，并且在规模、网络吞吐量等方面存在限制，选取抗干扰性强、可扩展性好和功耗低覆盖广的LoRa技术作为集装箱船无线网络的通信技术，并对LoRaWAN中的自适应数据速率（Adaptive Data Rate, ADR）算法的问题进行深入分析，解决无线网络因大规模节点部署而造成的数据碰撞、功耗高问题；使用NS-3仿真工具并调用LoRaWAN模块，实现基于ADR算法的LoRa无线网络仿真模拟；参照21 000 TEU集装箱船的技术资料得到船舶场景下的网络配置参数，对LoRaWAN仿真模型进行有效修正。通过仿真测试计算，得到在3 000个冷箱情况下LoRaWAN网络的数据包投递率(Packet Delivery Ratio,RPD)为0.85,其平均功耗为350 mJ。相比于其他控制策略，使用ADR算法的控制策略的网络性能有显著提升，证明该算法在集装箱船场景下的可靠性和稳定性，为集装箱船场景的LoRa无线网络控制策略的选择和优化提供指导。Abstract: LoRaWAN is a good choice of IoT（The Internet of Thing） communication on container ships because of its strong anti-interference capability, good scalability, low power consumption and wide coverage. This paper analyzes the ADR（Adaptive Data Rate） algorithm of LoRaWAN in depth to solve the problems of data collision and excessive power consumption when large scale node deployment happens in a wireless network. The simulation tool NS-3 and the LoRaWAN module are used to perform the simulation of the ADR algorithm. The network in simulation is configured according to the technical data from a 21 000 TEU container ship. The simulation shows that the best result is achieved when RPD（Packet Delivery Ratio） is set as 0.85 under the condition of 3 000 cold boxes. The power consumption in the circumstance is 350 mJ, a great improvement.
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