基于远洋渔船机舱火灾场景下的船员逃生仿真研究
Simulation of crew escaping fire from engine room of deep-sea fishing vessel
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摘要: 随着我国远洋渔船数量的不断增多，事故数量也呈上升趋势，火灾事故所造成的各类损失排在所有事故的首位。为研究远洋渔船机舱火灾场景下船员的逃生问题，提高船员的逃生效率。项目组建立船舶火灾安全评判标准；引入专业的火灾仿真软件PyroSim对某远洋渔船机舱火灾进行仿真研究，得到可用安全逃生时间(ASET);利用人员应急疏散软件Pathfinder对船员逃生过程进行可行、有效的优化，得到必须安全逃生时间(RSET);对比两组时间评判船员能否安全逃生。研究结果表明：船员的ASET为154 s,增加斜梯后船员的RSET为144 s,即经过优化后，船员在机舱发生火灾时可安全撤离。该结果对控制火灾的蔓延、制定消防策略和规划人员安全疏散通道具有一定的参考价值。Abstract: The safety evaluation criterion for fire escaping is set up. The professional fire simulation software PyroSim is used to simulate the engine room fire on a deep-sea fishing vessel and to find the ASET（Available Safe Egress Time）. Personnel emergency evacuation software Pathfinder is used to optimize the feasibility and effectiveness of escape path and calculate RSET（Required Safe Egress Time）. Comparison between ASET and RSET tells whether the crewmembers can escape safely. Practical calculation shows that the former is 154 s and the latter can be 144 s if an inclined ladder is added, which means that the crew members can be safely evacuated from engine room on fire as long as things are right.
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