岸桥用集装箱船舶系泊装卸安全监测系统的仿真及实测
Simulation & Field Test of Mooring and Loading Safety Monitoring System for Container Ship Used on Quay Cranes
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摘要: 由于系泊装卸时船摇运动存在缆桩系缆力和护舷挤靠力的双侧碰撞约束、以及吊具抓放箱载荷的间歇随机激励,传统测量方法难以在系泊装卸时准确测量船摇固有周期、稳态倾角和平均型吃水。为得到不含双侧系泊约束的局部自由倾角波形,根据小倾角横摇时阻尼力矩与角速度呈线性关系、有阻尼横摇运动微分方程的解可用幅值随时间呈指数规律衰减的正/余弦函数表达等原理,利用系泊装卸时激发的小幅船摇运动和岸桥吊具上加装的动态倾角计,通过移动限幅序列中值法、去顶分段衰减正弦曲线参数辩识等算法求解固有周期、稳态倾角和初稳性高,实现系泊装卸时对集装箱船舶的浮态和稳性进行实时监测和预警,为码头和船方及时采取积载或压载调整提供数据参考,以防范码头装卸作业引发的货箱落水、船舶倾覆和航道堵塞等事故灾难。经数值仿真和现场试验分析,初步验证了设计方案的可行性和有效性,但其监测精度、效率和适用面等局限性尚待改进优化。Abstract: Measuring parameters of ship motion, such as natural rolling/pitch period, steady inclination and mean draught, is difficult with traditional methods because the motion is limited by mooring forces from bollards and breasting forces from fenders. Besides, the motion is intermittently excited randomly by the operation of container handling. These parameters are measured indirectly by installing dynamic inclination angle sensors on the cranes of the shore-bridge. The waveforms of free inclination without berthing constraints are measured by means of the installation on the bridge when ship is excited by container handling, taking the advantage of the linear relationship between damping moment and angular speed for rolling/tilting of small amplitude. The motion parameters of the ship are identified by processing the measurements form the sensors. A few tools are used in the processing, such as clipping and moving average median filter method, the method for segmental identification of parameters of decaying sinusoidal curve, as well as the differential equations of damped oscillation. The concept is simulated and tested on site. The method can measure real time states of ships and there is potential to protect container ships in the process of loading/unloading.